Казань город на карте: Карта Казани подробная с улицами, номерами домов, районами. Схема и спутник онлайн

Карта Казани с улицами и домами подробная. Показать со спутника номера домов онлайн

Карта Казани (Республика Татарстан). Общие сведения о городе

Казань – один из крупнейших городов России, столица Республики Татарстан. Казань – крупный экономический, деловой и культурный центр, а также важный транспортный узел Поволжья.

Казань была основана приблизительно в 1005 году как крепость в составе государства Волжская Булгария. Уже с 13 – 14-хх веков Казань приобретает свое и по сей день важное торговое и политическое значение.

На онлайн карте Казань можно найти в Среднем Поволжье, на левом берегу Волги, в месте впадения в нее реки Казанки.

Население Казани – 1 миллион 243 тысячи жителей.

Казань на карте России – где находится. География города

Казань на карте России находится в Среднем Поволжье, на левом берегу Волги, в месте впадения в нее реки Казанки. Протяженность города в меридианном направлении – 29 км, а в широтном – 31 км.

Расстояние от Казани до крупных городов по автодорогам:

• Москва – 830 км к западу,
• Йошкар-Ола – 146 км к северо-западу,
• Саранск – 431 км к юго-западу,
• Ульяновск – 267 км к югу,
• Набережные Челны – 237 км к востоку,
• Ижевск – 401 км к северо-востоку.

Казань стоит на Восточно-Европейской равнине, имеющей в пределах города равнинно-холмистый рельеф. В центре города встречаются низменные участки, в общем же рельеф Казани повышается в направлении с юго-востока на восток. Средняя высота здесь – 60 метров.

Местность вокруг города лесостепная, леса в основном сосновые.

Климат умеренный континентальный, с морозной зимой (t_ср января -10,5°С) и теплым летом (t_ср июля +20°С). Среднегодовая температура +4,5° С. За год выпадает примерно 560 мм осадков, наиболее дождливый месяц – июль (67 мм), а сухой – март (33 мм). Устойчивый снежный покров устанавливается к середине ноября, а сходит к концу марта.

Карта города Казань с дорогами. Транспорт Казани

Казань – один из крупнейших транспортных узлов Поволжья.

Через город проходят следующие федеральные трассы:

• М7 «Волга» Москва – Владимир – Нижний Новгород – Казань – Уфа,
• Р239 «Оренбургский транспорт» Казань – Оренбург – Акбулак – граница с Казахстаном,
• Р241 Казань – Буинск – Ульяновск.

Центральный автовокзал обеспечивает движение рейсовых автобусов на Актобе, Альметьевск, Иваново, Киров, Оренбург, Самара. Адрес автовокзала на карте Казани с улицами: улица Девятаева, 15.

C железнодорожной станции Казань-Пассажирская осуществляется движение поездов и электричек направлениями: Москва – Нерюнгри, Новосибирск – Адлер, Нижневартовск – Волгоград, Москва – Улан-Удэ, Казань-Пасс. — Бирюли. Вокзал выходит к Привокзальной площади.

Международный аэропорт «Казань» удален на 26 км к юго-востоку от города. В числе маршрутных направлений этого аэропорта: Москва, Нижний Новгород, Симферополь, Стамбул, Франкфурт-на-Майне, Тбилиси и Прага.

С речного вокзала Казани ежедневно курсируют теплоходы в Свияжск, Ташевку и Печищи. Месторасположение речного вокзала: улица Девятаева, 1.

Для внутригородского передвижения доступны автобусы, троллейбусы, трамваями и метро.

90000 Landmarks and places of interest in Kazan — information, photos, оn the map 90001 90002 The city-fortress Kazan was founded on the northern borders of the Volga- Bulgaria — the first Muslim state in Eastern Europe. In the 15th century Kazan was captured by the Mongols who made the city the capital of the Kazan Khanate and introduced it into the Golden Horde. During this period Kazan became known as a major shopping center, and the arms business, tanning and pottery were prospering there. However, in 1552 the city was occupied by the troops of Ivan the Terrible.Since then Kazan has appeared on the map of the Russian state, and Staro-Tatarskaya Sloboda (Old Tatar Settlement) in the city was defined as a single area of ​​residence for all Tatars. The Sloboda has survived to our days and now it is a wonderful historical area, wandering around which one can make out an idea of ​​the life of people here in the 16th-17th centuries. The stone Kazan Kremlin, the construction of which dates back to the mid-16th century, was an equal participant in the life of that time.90003 90002 In 1708 the city became the center of the Kazan province, a leather factory, a cloth manufactory and an admiralty were built there. Kazan was developing rapidly: the city had its own university, electric lighting, trams, telegraph, and a railway linking Kazan with Moscow. After the Great Patriotic War a river port and an air terminal were built in Kazan. And in 1990 the city received the status of the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. 90003 90002 Today Kazan is called the third capital of Russia.It is a large tourist center with an amazing complex of the Kazan Kremlin, which is included by UNESCO on the World Heritage List, with one of the largest mosques in Europe Kul-Sharif and a unique Temple of All Religions that reminds you of the architecture of Antonio Gaudi. In addition, tourists are also attracted by the ensemble of buildings on Freedom Square: the Kazan City Hall of the mid-19th century as well as the Kazan Conservatory, the Tatar State Opera and Ballet Theatre named after Musa Jalil and Saydashev State Grand Concert Hall with one of the best organs in Europe.90003 90002 Kazan is also a powerful sports center. In 2013 the Universiade was held here, the World Aquatics Championships 2015 року, and 2018 FIFA World Cup is being held in the city: four games of the group stage, 1/8, as well as the quarter finals of the mundial. The World Cup is being held at the Kazan Arena stadium opened in 2013 which can accommodate over 45 thousand people. A special pride of the stadium is a giant media facade with an area of ​​more than four thousand square meters, which broadcast the main matches of the championship.This is the largest display of its kind in Europe. In addition, the Kazan Arena stadium is the only one in Russia where there is free Wi-Fi. The museum of the stadium and an exhibition of retro cars also function here. 90003 90002 Gastronomic Kazan is no less attractive than the historical or sports one. Tatar cuisine, which absorbed Muslim and Orthodox culinary traditions, is very original and interesting. In Kazan there are dozens of places where one can try authentic Tatar dishes. For example, it is worthwhile to find a rich and tasty broth with potato-meat pie eleksh, to taste the dishes of horse meat.The hearty beshbarmak — a dish of nomads, which is eaten by hands, is also mandatory. It is a lamb broth with thinly sliced ​​meat, pieces of dough in butter, potatoes and onions. The Tatar cuisine is also famous for its varied pastries. Traveling to Kazan is impossible without tasting all kinds of ech-pochmaks — triangular pies with chicken, lamb, goose or beef. It is impossible to pass by the honey sweetness — chak-chak (made of dough and honey). To eat it all is better with a fragrant herbal tea with dried apricots and tiny rolls of tatla made of fruit and berries paste and butter cream.90003 90002 Kazan holidays attract a huge number of tourists to the capital of Tatarstan. The high society audience, for example, appreciates the annual festivals of opera singing, like International Opera Festival named after Feodor Chaliapin held in February and International Kazan Autumn Open Air Opera Festival held in August. The latter, by the way, is organized directly under the open sky at the pompous Agricultural Palace. Once in Kazan, it is worth to visit the national Tatar holiday of the end of the sowing campaign «Sabantuy».At this May festival one can eat plenty of ruddy ech-pochmaks, buy skullcaps and try to win a ram in wrestling competitions. In addition, every year in June the festival of contemporary music by Igor Butman «Kremlin Live» takes place on the territory of the Kazan Kremlin, and folklore and ethno festivals «Karavon» and «Krutushka» are held in the summer. 90003 90002 Many-faced Kazan is an incredibly hospitable city. It seems to have been created for walks: every stone here is history, every building is a masterpiece.In combination with ultramodern illuminations and a lot of stunning fountains and well-kept squares and lawns the city makes an absolutely incredible impression. And having drunk herbal tea and having eaten rolls of tatla, one wants to get around all the shops in Baumana Street and buy all kinds of dressing gowns, skullcaps and figures of Kazan cats, which still remind of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. According to the legend, it was she who asked to send cats from Kazan to her Winter Palace in St.Petersburg for catching mice. 90003 90016 Get directions 90017 90002 The fastest way to Kazan is using an airplane. The local airport is considered to be one of the largest ones in the country and is connected by regular direct communication not only with Russian, but also with large foreign cities. More than ten flights a day are made from Moscow to Kazan. The flight takes only an hour and half. The flight to Kazan from St. Petersburg lasts 2 hours and 20 minutes. One can also use the railway, as dozens of passenger and corporate trains pass through Kazan.The high-speed train «Tatarstan» travels from Moscow to Kazan only 10 hours, and the regular train — about 20 hours. From St. Petersburg the train takes about 22 hours. Another the most relaxed way is on a cruise ship along the Volga. Such a trip with stops in other Volga cities lasts for two weeks. 90003.90000 Kazan city, Russia travel guide 90001 90002 Local time in Kazan city is July 13, 1:51 am (+3 UTC). 90003 90004 Brief History of Kazan 90005 90006 Foundation of Kazan and its early history 90007 90002 Kazan was founded more than 1,000 years ago as an outpost on the northern borders of the Volga Bulgaria — a historic Bulgar state in the Middle Volga region and the Kama River basin, which existed from the 7th to 13th centuries. The age of Kazan was determined during excavations on the territory of the Kazan Kremlin, when a Czech coin dated 929-930 was found here, as well as the remains of masonry, a wooden fence, utensils.90003 90002 In the 1220s-1240s, the Volga Bulgaria was conquered by the Mongols and, retaining some autonomy, was included in the Ulus of Jochi also known as the Golden Horde. After the formation of the Golden Horde, the Volga Bulgarians (Bulgars) became one of the main components in the ethnogenesis of today’s Kazan Tatars and Chuvashs. 90003 90002 In the 13th-14th centuries, Kazan became an important trade and political center of the Golden Horde. The growth of the town was also due to its favorable geographical position at the intersection of major trade routes connecting East and West.In the Russian chronicles, Kazan began to be mentioned in the 14th-15th centuries. 90003 90002 In 1438, the Bulgarian fortress of Kazan was captured by the Golden Horde khan Ulugh Muhammad, and the town became the capital of the Kazan Khanate. During this period, the production of leather goods, pottery, and weapons developed here. Kazan traded with Moscow, Crimea, the Ottoman Empire, and other regions. 90003 90002 More Historical Facts … 90003 90002 A series of conflicts with the Principality of Moscow eventually led to the capture of Kazan by the army of Ivan the Terrible in тисячі п’ятсот п’ятьдесят два.After the suppression of the uprisings in the Kazan region, a new era began in the history of the town — as part of the Russian state. In the 17th century, the first manufactories appeared in Kazan. In 1646, there were 5,432 men and 1,652 households in the town. 90003 90006 Kazan as part of the Russian Empire 90007 90002 In 1708 році, Kazan became the capital of the vast Kazan Governorate. During the reign of Peter the Great, it became one of the most important industrial and administrative centers of Russia.A tannery and a cloth manufactory were built here. In 1722, Peter the Great visited Kazan. 90003 90002 The rapid development of Kazan began after the visit of Empress Catherine II in 1767 when she lifted all previous restrictions on the construction of stone mosques and Tatar public buildings, as well as in connection with her decree «On the tolerance of all faiths. » She presented Kazan with a galley and a carriage. The galley was lost during a fire, but the carriage was preserved. It is also installed as a replica-monument on the pedestrian Bauman Street.90003 90002 In 1781, Catherine II approved the emblem of Kazan, in 1782 — the first regular development plan for the city, which determined its development for a century and a half. By the end of the 18th century, about 22 thousand people lived in Kazan, more than 40 thousand with nearby settlements, Tatars made up only about 10% of the population. 90003 90002 In 1804 Imperial Kazan University was opened, the most famous students of which are Vladimir Lenin and Leo Tolstoy. In 1844 Karl Ernst Claus, professor at Kazan University, discovered ruthenium and named it in honor of Russia.Ruthenium is the only chemical element discovered in the Russian Empire and the USSR before the synthesis of transuranium elements in the late 20th century. 90003 90002 In the second half of the 19th century, significant changes took place in the infrastructure of Kazan: gas (1874) and electric (1897) lighting, one of the first electric trams (1899), telegraph (1859) and telephone (1881) . In 1874 the city water supply was opened. In 1896 року, the railway connected Kazan with Moscow. 90003 90006 Kazan in the 20th century and beyond 90007 90002 In 1901, the Kazan Observatory was opened.In 1914 the population of Kazan was about 194,200 people. In 1918 року, during the Civil War in Russia, fierce battles were fought for Kazan. The troops of the Czechoslovak Legion in the course of five-day battles captured Kazan on August 6. The Red Army established control of the city on September 10. 90003 90002 On May 27, 1920, the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed with its capital in Kazan. In the 1930s, intensive industrialization of the city began, accompanied by rapid population growth.In 1939 the population of Kazan was 398,014 people. 90003 90002 During the Second World War, large factories were evacuated to Kazan. The city also became the temporary scientific «capital» of the USSR. The Academy of Sciences of the USSR, as well as most of the research institutes and a number of design bureaus were evacuated here. 90003 90002 After the war, the active development of the city continued. Kazan became one of the largest industrial, scientific, and cultural centers of the USSR, the population increased 2.5 times. In 1979, it exceeded 1 million people. Kazan also became one of the largest river ports, a new airport was built. 90003 90002 In 1990, Kazan was declared the capital of the sovereign Republic of Tatarstan. In the 1990s, this city became one of the most important interregional political, financial, sports, and tourist centers of Russia. In 2008, Kazan registered the brand «The Third Capital of Russia.» 90003 90002 In the 1990s-2000s, the historic center of Kazan was significantly rebuilt in preparation for the celebration of the millennium of the city.In 2005, the Millennium of Kazan was celebrated. In connection with this event, such objects as the Kazan Metro, the Kul-Sharif Mosque, the Millennium Bridge, the new hippodrome, Tatneft-Arena were built. 90003 90002 About one million tourists a year began to visit Kazan making it one of the most important tourist centers in Russia. The Kazan Kremlin became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Several foreign general consulates and other diplomatic, trade, humanitarian representations were opened in the city.90003 90002 Such large international sports competitions as the World Summer Universiade 2013, the World Aquatics Championship 2015 року, and six matches of the 2018 World Cup were held in Kazan. 90003 90006 Contrasts of Kazan 90007 90052 90002 90054 In the center of Kazan 90055 90003 90002 Author: Sergey Bulanov 90003 90059 90002 90054 Kul-Sharif Mosque and Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral in Kazan 90055 90003 90002 Author: Ayhan Sahin 90003 90066 90002 90054 The cultural-entertaining complex Pyramid in Kazan 90055 90003 90002 Author: Sergey Kozin 90003 90004 Kazan — Features 90005 90002 The Kazanka River flows from the north-east to the west through the middle of the city and divides Kazan into two parts — the historic part to the south of the river and the new part to the north.They are connected by five dams and bridges, as well as a metro line. 90003 90002 The climate of Kazan is temperate continental, severe frosts and scorching heat are rare and not typical for this city. The average temperature in January is minus 10.4 degrees Celsius, in July — plus 20.2 degrees Celsius. 90003 90002 There are several legends associated with the name of the city. According to the most common one, it originates from the Tatar word «kazan» meaning «cauldron». The legend says that Kazan was founded on the spot where water boiled in a cauldron dug into the ground without fire.The historical symbol of Kazan, which is depicted on the emblem of the city, is the mythical dragon-like creature Zilant often mentioned in Tatar legends. 90003 90002 The industrial basis of Kazan includes engineering, chemical and petrochemical industries, light and food industries. The largest enterprises of Kazan are the chemical complex of Kazanorgsintez, the Kazan gunpowder factory (the oldest in Russia), and a unique cluster of three aviation industry enterprises. Tourism is also one of the promising directions for the development of the city.In 2019, about 3.5 million tourists visited Kazan. 90003 90002 This is one of the largest transport and logistics hubs in Russia. Kazan International Airport offers regular flights to such cities as Antalya, Baku, Barcelona, ​​Yekaterinburg, Krasnodar, Moscow, Omsk, Perm, Thessaloniki, St. Petersburg, Sochi, and a number of others. Kazan (Volga) Federal University is one of ten Russian federal universities and the third (after St. Petersburg State University and Moscow State University) oldest university in Russia.90003 90002 Kazan is a place where people of different nationalities and religions live peacefully, in an atmosphere of friendliness and tolerance. In this city, two religions are historically closely intertwined: Sunni Islam and Orthodoxy. Kazan has more than 60 mosques, 40 Orthodox churches, a dozen churches of other Christian movements, 1 synagogue, prayer houses of Bahai and Krishna. 90003 90002 In total, representatives of over 115 nationalities live in the capital of Tatarstan. According to the 2010 census, the most numerous of them are Russians (48.6%) and Tatars (47.6%). Also among the residents of Kazan you can meet the Chuvash, Ukrainians, Mari, Bashkirs, and Udmurts. 90003 90004 Main Attractions of Kazan 90005 90002 90092 The Kazan Kremlin 90093 — the oldest part of Kazan included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is a complex of architectural, historical, and archaeological monuments of the 12th-20th centuries. On the territory of the Kazan Kremlin, eastern and western cultures are harmoniously intertwined. The residence of the Head of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Government of Tatarstan are located here.90003 90002 90092 Kul-Sharif Mosque 90093 (1996-2005) — the main mosque of Tatarstan located on the territory of the Kazan Kremlin. This is an amazing building with four minarets, each 58 meters high, with stained glass windows and observation towers. The mosque has a museum of Islam, as well as observation balconies for tourists. 90003 90002 90092 The Annunciation Cathedral 90093 (1555-1562) — the oldest building of the Kazan Kremlin. This outstanding monument of Russian architecture of the 16th century is the most remote example of the Pskov school of architecture.90003 90002 90092 Syuyumbike Tower 90093 — an old watch tower in the Kazan Kremlin, one of the main architectural symbols of Kazan. It belongs to the «falling» towers, as it has a noticeable slope to its northeastern side. Today, the deviation of its spire from the vertical is about 2 meters. 90003 90002 90092 The Museum of Natural History of Tatarstan 90093 in the Kazan Kremlin — the only museum and scientific-educational center in the Volga region, which provides complete information about the geological history of our planet from the moment of its formation until the appearance of the first ancient people.The combination of traditional forms of presentation with interactive elements makes this museum attractive to a wide range of visitors. 90003 90002 90092 The Hermitage-Kazan Exhibition Center 90093 in the Kazan Kremlin — the first regional branch of the State Hermitage (the second largest art museum in the world located in St. Petersburg). In the museum halls you can see paintings, graphics, ancient artifacts including household items made of gold and silver, weapons of the 8th-13th centuries, various archaeological artifacts, and modern art installations.90003 90002 90092 Bauman Street 90093 (Kazan Arbat) — the main pedestrian street of Kazan, about 4 km long. The street starts at the Kazan Kremlin and stretches through the city center. On this street you can see a lot of historical buildings, monuments, museums, a theater, countless cafes where you can taste national dishes and drinks, souvenir shops. 90003 90002 90092 Epiphany Cathedral 90093 (1731-1756) on Bauman Street. The main attraction of this church is its magnificent tall bell tower (74 meters high) built in the style of «Russian Baroque» with numerous external decorative elements.90003 90002 90092 The National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan 90093 — the main museum of Tatarstan opened in 1895 one of the largest museums in the entire Volga region. In total, this museum has about 800 thousand exhibits that tell about the culture, history, life, traditions of the peoples of Tatarstan. The museum occupies a building, which is a monument of architecture and history of federal significance. Kremlyovskaya Street, 2. 90003 90002 90092 The Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Tatarstan 90093 — one of the largest art museums in Russia.Here you can see paintings, graphics, sculptures, works of decorative art of Western European and Russian schools of the 16th-19th centuries, as well as Soviet art. An important place in the exposition is occupied by a collection of icons from Sviyazhsk cathedrals and a unique collection of paintings by Nikolai Ivanovich Feshin — a master of impressionism and modernism. Karla Marksa Street, 64. 90003 90002 90092 The Old Tatar Sloboda 90093 — one of the historic districts of Kazan. Its pedestrian part stretches for half a kilometer from Bauman Street and occupies part of Kayuma Nasyri Street.The district was formed in the 17th-18th centuries, when picturesque houses, mosques, and other attributes of the Tatar culture were built here. In Soviet times, most of them were lost. In the 2000s, it was reconstructed to give it its former splendor. 90003 90002 90092 Shamil’s House 90093 — an eclectic building located in the Old Tatar Sloboda, an architectural monument and an object of cultural heritage of regional significance. Today, it houses the Literary Museum of Gabdulla Tukay. Gabdully Tukaya Street, 74.90003 90002 90092 Chak-Chak Museum 90093. This museum located in the Old Tatar Sloboda is dedicated to the main Tatar dessert and one of the symbols of Tatarstan. The atmosphere of the Tatar prosperous house of the late 19th century is recreated here (old furniture, household utensils, tools, etc.). The exposition tells about the history of chak-chak from the times of the Volga Bulgaria to the present. Parizhskoy Kommuny Street, 18. 90003 90002 90092 Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral 90093 (1723-1726) — an architectural monument built in the style of «Russian Baroque».It is known for its 7-tier gilded iconostasis and rich history. Musy Dzhalilya Street, 21. 90003 90002 90092 The Temple of All Religions 90093. This unusual architectural structure dedicated to various religions of the world is also known as the Ecumenical Church and the International Cultural Center for Spiritual Unity. This is the only such building in the world on the territory of which 16 faiths are united, but no religious rites are held here, since the complex has only symbolic meaning.Staro-Arakchinskaya Street, 4. 90003 90002 90092 The Palace of Farmers 90093 (2008-2010) — a palace complex built in the Empire and Classicism styles. The Ministry of Agriculture of Tatarstan is located here. The main decoration of this magnificent building is a huge bronze tree placed inside an arch. At night, the facade of the palace is illuminated. Fedoseyevskaya Street, 36. 90003 90002 90092 The Family Center «Kazan» 90093 (2013). This original building serves as the Wedding Palace of Kazan.Inside, there are three thematic zones, which are decorated and furnished in the styles of the Volga Bulgaria, the Kazan Khanate, and in a classical manner. The top of the building is crowned with a huge Turkic cauldron ( «kazan»). In the days free from wedding registration, tourists can visit this building and climb to the observation deck. Sibgat Khakim Street, 4. 90003 90002 90092 The Island-Town of Sviyazhsk 90093 — a historic town founded on an island at the confluence of the Sviyaga into the Volga in тисячі п’ятсот п’ятьдесят одна.Located about 64 km west of Kazan, it is a very unusual and incredibly picturesque place. 90003 .90000 tourist sights on the map 90001 90002 Kazan (Russian: Казань; IPA: [kɐzanʲ]; Tatar Cyrillic: Казан, Latin: Qazan) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. With a population of 1,143,535, it is the eighth most populous city in Russia. Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia. 90003 90002 The Kazan Kremlin is a World Heritage Site. In 2005, the Medal «In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan» was established by Russia to denote this landmark event.The multi-ethnic city is honored by UNESCO and famous for Muslims and Christians living side-by-side in peace. 90003 90002 In April 2009 the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the right to brand itself as the «Third Capital» of Russia. In 2009 it was chosen as the «Sports capital of Russia» and it still is referred to as such. The city hosted the 2013 Summer Universiade, 2014 World Fencing Championships and the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and will host the 2018 FIFA World Cup. 90003 90008 Etymology 90009 90002 The origin of the name Kazan is uncertain.The most accepted legends derive it from the Bulgar (and also modern Tatar) word qazan, which means ‘boiler’ or ‘cauldron’. One legend claims that the city was named after the river Kazanka, which was named after the son of a Bulgar governor dropped a copper cauldron into it. Other local legends claim that the city was named for the resemblance of the hill on which it sits to an upturned cauldron. 90003 90008 History 90009 90014 Middle Ages 90015 90002 There is a long-running dispute as to whether Kazan was founded by the Volga Bulgars in the early Middle Ages or by the Tatars of the Golden Horde in the mid-15th century, as written records before the latter period are sparse.If there was a Bulgar city on the site, estimates of the date of its foundation range from the early 11th century to the late 13th century (see Iske Qazan). It was a border post between Volga Bulgaria and two Finnic tribes, the Mari and the Udmurt. Another vexatious question is where the citadel was built originally. Archaeological explorations have produced evidence of urban settlement in three parts of the modern city: in the Kremlin; in Bişbalta at the site of the modern Zilantaw monastery; and near the Qaban lake.The oldest of these seems to be the Kremlin. 90003 90002 If Kazan existed in the 11th and 12th centuries, it could have been a stop on a Volga trade route from Scandinavia to Baghdad. It was a trade center, and possibly a major city for Bulgar settlers in the Kazan region, although their capital was further south at the city of Bolğar. 90003 90002 After the Mongols devastated the Bolğar and Bilär areas in the 13th century, either the surviving Bulgars recuperated in numbers and were assimilated by a small number of Kipchaks from whom they adopted their language (a position known as Bulgarism), or Kipchaks and Bulgars intermixed to create the modern Kazan Tatar population.Kazan became a center of a duchy which was a dependency of the Golden Horde. Two centuries later, in the 1430s, Kipchak descendants of Genghis Khan, such as Ghiasetdin of Kazan), usurped power from its Bolghar dynasty. 90003 90002 Some Tatars also went to Lithuania, brought by Vytautas the Great. 90003 90002 In 1438, after the destruction of the Golden Horde, Kazan became the capital of the powerful Khanate of Kazan. The city bazaar, Taş Ayaq (Stone Leg) became the most important trade center in the region, especially for furniture.Craft-based manufacturing also thrived, as the city gained a reputation for its leather and gold goods, as well as for the opulence of its palaces and mosques. The citadel and Bolaq channel were reconstructed, giving the city a strong defensive capacity. The Russians managed to occupy the city briefly several times. 90003 90014 Russian Tsardom period 90015 90002 As a result of the Siege of Kazan, Russia under Ivan the Terrible conquered the city and massacred the majority of the population.During the governorship of Alexander Gorbatyi-Shuisky, most of the khanate’s Tatar residents were killed or forcibly Christianized (see Kerashen Tatars) .Mosques and palaces were ruined. The surviving Tatar population was moved to a place 50 kilometers (31 mi) away from the city and this place was forcibly settled by Russian farmers and soldiers. Tatars in the Russian service were settled in the Tatar Bistäse settlement near the city’s wall. Later Tatar merchants and handicraft masters also settled there.During this period, Kazan was largely destroyed as a result of several great fires. After one of them in 1579, the icon Our Lady of Kazan was discovered in the city. 90003 90002 In the early 17th century, at the beginning of the Time of Troubles in Russia, the Tsardom of Kazan declared independence with the help of the Russian population, but this independence was suppressed by Kuzma Minin in 1612. [citation needed] 90003 90014 Russian Empire period 90015 Kazan city map from the 19th century, Russian edition 90002 In 1708 році, the Tsardom of Kazan was abolished, and Kazan became the seat of Kazan Governorate.After Peter the Great’s visit, the city became a center of shipbuilding for the Caspian fleet. The major Russian poet Gavrila Derzhavin was born in Kazan in 1743, the son of a poor country squire of Tatar ancestry though himself having a thoroughly Russian identity. 90003 90002 Kazan was largely destroyed in 1774 as a result of the Pugachev revolt (1774-1776), an uprising by border troops and peasants led by the Don Cossack ataman (Captain) Yemelyan Pugachev, but the city, formerly largely of timber construction, was soon afterwards rebuilt, using stone and according to a grid pattern plan, during the reign of Catherine the Great.Catherine also decreed that mosques could again be built in Kazan, the first being Marjani Mosque. 90003 90002 At the beginning of the 19th century Kazan State University and printing press were founded by Alexander I. It became an important center for Oriental Studies in Russia. The Qur’an was first printed in Kazan in 1801. Kazan became an industrial center and peasants migrated there to join its industrial workforce. In 1875, a horse tramway appeared; Тисячу вісімсот дев’яносто дев’ять saw the installation of a tramway.After the Russian Revolution of 1905 Tatars were allowed to revive Kazan as a Tatar cultural center. The first Tatar theater and the first Tatar newspaper appeared. 90003 90014 Soviet period 90015 90002 In 1917 Kazan became one of the revolution centers. In 1918 року, Kazan was the capital of the Idel-Ural State, which was suppressed by the Bolshevist government. In the Kazan Operation of August 1918 року, it was briefly occupied by Czechoslovak Legions. In 1920 Kazan became the center of Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.In the 1920s and 1930s, most of the city’s mosques and churches were destroyed, as occurred elsewhere in the USSR. [Citation needed] During World War II, many industrial plants and factories to the west were relocated in Kazan, making the city a center of the military industry, producing tanks and planes. After the war Kazan consolidated as an industrial and scientific center. In 1979, the city’s population reached one million. 90003 90014 Modern period 90015 90002 In the late 1980s and in the 1990s, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Kazan again became the center of Tatar culture and identity, and separatist tendencies intensified.With the return of capitalism, Kazan became one of the most important centers of the Russian Federation. The city went from 10th to 8th position in population ranking of Russian cities. In the late 2000s, the city earned the right to host both the 2013 Summer Universiade and 2018 FIFA World Cup. 90003 90048 Millennium of Kazan 90049 90002 Since 2000, the city has been undergoing a total renovation. The historical center, including its Kremlin, has been rebuilt, however a large number of the city’s historical districts was completely demolished in the process.Kazan celebrated its millennium in 2005, after a city-organized historical commission settled on 1005 as the official year of the city’s founding. During the millennium celebrations, one of the largest mosque in Russia, Qolsharif, was dedicated in the Kazan Kremlin, the holiest copy of Our Lady of Kazan was returned to the city, the «Millennium Bridge» was inaugurated that year, and the Kazan Metro began operation. The government of the Russian Federation released the Medal «In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan».In 2010 for the preparations to the 2013 Universiade, Kazan began even more renovation by modernizing its airport, fixing up the streets, enhancing public transports, and adopting Russian, English, and Tatar languages ​​in all transportation, large stores, and shopping centers. 90003 90008 Administrative and municipal status 90009 90002 Kazan is the capital of the republic. [Citation needed] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the city of republic significance of Kazan-an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Kazan is incorporated as Kazan Urban Okrug. 90003 90014 City divisions 90015 90002 Kazan is divided into seven districts: 90003 No. District Population Area (km²) [citation needed] 1 Aviastroitelny 111,405 38.91 2 Vakhitovsky 86,202 25.82 3 Kirovsky 109,125 108.79 4 Moskovsky 130,537 38.81 5 Novo-Savinovsky 202,997 20.66 6 Privolzhsky 227,755 115.77 7 Sovetsky 275,514 167.00 90008 Languages ​​90009 90002 Tatar and Russian languages ​​are widely spoken in the city.Russian is understood by everyone except for some older Tatars. Tatar is widely spoken mainly by Tatars. 90003 90008 Central Kazan 90009 90014 Kremlin 90015 90002 The city has a citadel (Russian: кремль, tr. Kreml ‘, or sometimes Tatar: kirman), which was declared a World Heritage Site in 2000. Major monuments in the kremlin are the five-domed six-columned Annunciation Cathedral (1561 -62) and the mysterious leaning Soyembika Tower, named after the last queen of Kazan and regarded as the city’s most conspicuous landmark.90003 90002 Also of interest are the towers and walls, erected in the 16th and 17th centuries but later reconstructed; the Qol-Şarif mosque, which is already rebuilt inside the citadel; remains of the Saviour Monastery (its splendid 16th-century cathedral having been demolished by the Bolsheviks) with the Spasskaya Tower; and the Governor’s House (1843-53), designed by Konstantin Thon, now the Palace of the President of Tatarstan. 90003 90002 Next door, the ornate baroque Sts-Peter-and-Paul’s Cathedral on Qawi Nacmi Street and Marcani mosque on Qayum Nasiri Street date back to the 18th century.90003 90014 Bistä, or Posad 90015 90002 Central Kazan is divided into two districts by the Bolaq canal and Lake Qaban. The first district (Qazan Bistäse or Kazanskiy Posad), historically Russian, is situated on the hill, the second (İske Tatar Bistäse or Staro-Tatarskaya Sloboda), historically Tatar, is situated between the Bolaq and the Volga. Mosques, such as Nurullah, Soltan, Bornay, Apanay, Äcem, Märcani, İske Taş, Zäñgär are in the Tatar district. Churches, such as Blagoveschenskaya, Varvarinskaya, Nikol’skaya, Tikhvinskaya, are mostly in the Russian part of the city.The main city-centre streets are Bauman, Kremlyovskaya, Dzerzhinsky, Tuqay, Puşkin, Butlerov, Gorkiy, Karl Marx and Märcani. 90003 90002 An old legend says that in 1552, before the Russian invasion, wealthy Tatars (baylar) hid gold and silver in Lake Qaban. 90003 90014 Wooden Kazan 90015 90002 In the beginning of the 1900s most of Central Kazan was covered by wooden buildings, usually consisting of two floors. There was a historical environment of Kazan citizens, but not the best place to live in.During the Republican program «The liquidation of ramshackle apartments» most of them (unlike other Russian cities), especially in Central Kazan, where the land is not cheap, were destroyed and their population was moved to new areas at the suburb of the city ( Azino, Azino-2, Quartal 39). Nearly 100,000 citizens resettled by this programme. 90003 90014 Other major buildings 90015 90002 Another significant building in central Kazan is the former «Smolentzev and Shmelev» tea house and hotel, now the Shalyapin Palace Hotel.It is located at 7/80 Universitetskaya Street, at the corner of Universitetskaya and Bauman. A major landmark of late-19th and early-20th century commercial architecture, it consists of two portions. The original portion, built for a merchant named Usmanov in the 1860s, was bought by the inter-related families of Efim Smolentzev and Pavel and Nikolai Shmelev in 1899. They operated a store selling, among other things, tea. In 1910 the Smolentevs and Shmelevs constructed another portion, designed by architect Vasili Trifonov, and operated a hotel there.After the Russian Revolution, the building eventually became the Hotel Soviet and after 2000 it was heavily renovated to reopen as the Shalyapin Palace Hotel. 90003 90008 Education and science 90009 90014 Primary and secondary education 90015 90002 Primary and secondary education system of Kazan includes: 90003 90094 90095 282 nurseries, most of which are municipal 90096 90095 178 schools, 2 of which are private 90096 90095 28 vocational technical schools 90096 90095 15 colleges 90096 90095 10 special colleges 90096 90105 90002 There are also 49 music schools, 43 sports school, and 10 fine-arts schools, including the Kazan Art School founded in тисячі вісімсот дев’яносто п’ять.90003 90014 Higher education 90015 90002 There are 44 institutes of higher education in Kazan, including 19 branches of universities from other cities. More than 140,000 students are educated in the city. Kazan Federal University (founded in 1804) is third oldest university in Russia after Saint Petersburg State University (1724) and Moscow State University (1755). In 2009 KFU got Federal status as main university of Volga Region. Some other prominent universities are: 90003 90094 90095 Kazan State Technical University — founded in тисячу дев’ятсот тридцять дві.In 2009 it got status of National university 90096 90095 Kazan State Medical University — founded in 1814 as a department within Kazan State University 90096 90095 Kazan State Technological University — founded in 1919 on the base of pre-existing vocational school 90096 90095 Kazan State Conservatory — founded in 1945 90096 90095 Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism — founded in July 2010 in the framework of the XXVII World Summer Universiade Legacy. The branch, located in Naberezhnye Chelny, will proceed functioning.90096 90105 90014 Science 90015 90002 Kazan is a major scientific centre in Russia. Kazan formed a big number of scientific areas and schools (mathematical, chemical, medical, linguistic, geological, geobotanical, etc.). Scientific discoveries are a subject of special pride, including: the creation of non-Euclidean geometry (Nikolai Lobachevsky), the discovery of the chemical element ruthenium (Claus), the theory about the structure of organic compounds (Aleksandr Butlerov), the discovery of the electron paramagnetic resonance (Yevgeny Zavoisky) and acoustic paramagnetic resonance (Altshuler) and many others.The city hosts: 90003 90094 90095 Kazan Science Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, since 1945. It includes 5 academic institutions. 90096 90095 Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, since 1991. It includes 7 local departments with 13 academic institutions (also, 21 organisations are under the guidance of TAS) and one branch in Ulyanovsk. 90096 90105 90008 Government and administration 90009 90014 Mayor 90015 90002 İlsur Metşin became the mayor of Kazan in November 17, 2005. 90003 90014 City Duma 90015 90002 Kazan City Duma is a representative body of the city, elected every four years.90003 90014 Executive committee 90015 90002 Executive committee is a municipal body of the executive organs. [Clarification needed] The committee’s head is Alexey Pesoshin. [Citation needed] 90003 90014 Government of the Republic of Tatarstan 90015 90002 Kazan hosts Tatarstan President’s residence and administration (in Kremlin), Tatarstan’s Cabinet of Ministers and Council of State (on Freedom square). 90003.90000 Kazan — interesting facts about the city, statistical data 90001 90002 Kazan is one of Russia’s oldest cities, located on the Volga River, 820 km away from Moscow. It is the capital of Tatarstan which is home to 115 nationalities. Over 50% of population are tatars, with Russians constituting the second largest population group. Russian and Tatar are the two official languages ​​of the region, with completely equal status. Tatarstan is a secular republic that has over 1,000 registered religious organizations.Islam and Orthodox Christianity are the most widespread. Here you’ll find mosques, Orthodox, Catholic churches and cathedrals, a synagogue, and other religious buildings and centres. 90003 90004 City of Tourists 90005 90002 In 2014 року, TripAdvisor named Kazan one of the most rapidly developing tourist destinations. The capital of Tatarstan, visited by over 1,000,000 tourists every year, was rated third in Europe and eighth in the world. The number of engaging excursions and tours around the sights of Kazan and neighbouring areas is simply astounding.90003 90004 City of Sports 90005 90002 Kazan is one of the most well-equipped cities of Russia in terms of sports infrastructure. In 2009 an online survey deemed Kazan Russia’s sports capital. Kazan has hosted multiple sports events at national and international level, including two field hockey world championships (2005 and 2011), the summer World Student Games (2013), fencing world championships (2014 року), and others. In 2018, the capital of Tatarstan hosted the FIFA World Cup.90003 90004 Dynamic City 90005 90002 There is a great number of sports grounds and active leisure facilities in Kazan. There are sports facilities to play hockey or go skating, skating rinks, and aqua parks with swimming pools and rides. Those who are into active leisure would enjoy a rope park and a karting centre. 90003 90004 What to See 90005 90002 Kazan Planetarium is the only one of its kind in Russia to be located within the territory of a university (Kazan Federal University): it offers amazing guided tours, popular science videos with special effects, astronomic observations, and romantic evenings.Visiting a tropical butterfly park is a good way to become immersed into a carefree, warm summer atmosphere. Here you can also visit a terrarium and a petting zoo (where you can feed animals). 90003 90004 Near the City 90005 90002 The island town of Sviyazhsk is a fortress town on an island 30 km away from Kazan, built in 1551 by Ivan the Terrible’s troops in only 4 weeks. The historical and architectural complex of Sviyazhsk includes four monasteries, three churches, two cathedrals, a bell tower, and a monument to victims of political repressions.In addition to frequent guided tours, the island often hosts music festivals, stage performances, and an annual archery and crossbow tournament. 90023 Blue Lakes is a very famous recreation spot for both locals and visitors. Water basins that are 2-18 metres deep are fed with underground waters and do not freeze in winter. The waters are completely transparent and rich in salts. The bottom is covered with saline silt mud. Swimming in Blue Lakes is not only a pleasure, but it is also very good for you.90003 90023.